Basic Debate Terminology
Basic Debate Terminology :
Ad hominem fallacy – attacking a person rather than the argument
Ad populum fallacy – claiming that something is true because of popular belief
Affirmative (Government) – arguing in favor of adopting the resolution
Burden of Proof – the affirmative’s responsibility to prove a need for adoption of a resolution or that the resolution is true
Constructive Speech – the first speech given by each debater (both teams) in a round, used to build a case
Contention
– a debate case may be organized into contentions – claims made for or
against the resolution – usually stated in one declarative sentence
Cost Benefit Analysis – analyzing the benefits of a policy versus the cost
Counterplan – the negative admits the present system should be changed and argues that the negative team’s proposal (plan) is better than what the affirmative has offered.
Criterion – standards, rules, or tests on which a decision or judgement is based, the basis for establishing or evaluating policy
Cross Examination – questioning period
Flowing or Flowsheet – note taking during a debate, accurately recording the principle arguments and rebuttals
Inherency
– Isolating the cause of a problem. If it stems from the system or
policy in question, then it is said to be inherent. The requirement to
prove that the problem stems from the policy in question.
Judging Paradigms
– the judge’s educational philosophy, the model or view that guides
their decision - what they deem important in a round and what they do
not want to see or hear
Lay Judges – judges who are unfamiliar with debate theory, your average Joe off the street
Leader of the Opposition – the first and last speaker for the Opposition team
Member of Government – The second speaker for the Government team (Affirmative)
Member of the Opposition - the second speaker for the Opposition team (Negative)
Negative – the side that defends the present system and argues against the resolution
Opposition – the side that must negate the resolution (negative)
Octa-Finals – Elimination rounds comprised of the top 16 debate teams
Prime Minister – the first and last speaker for the Government (Affirmative) team
Power Matching – teams with equal records debate each other
Rebuttal speech – rebuilds arguments after attacks, refutes arguments of the opposing team, and summarizes the debate
Refutation – directly attacking the opposing teams’ arguments
Resolution – the proposition or subject offered to debate
Semi Finals – Elimination rounds consisting of the top four teams
Spirit of the Resolution – refers to the reasonable interpretation and limits of the resolution
Status Quo – the current state of affairs, the present system
Topicality – the argument presented is pertinent to the resolution in spirit or literally, it is topical
Value – a concept, standard, or ideal that makes a judgment
Voting Issues – the key points in a debate that are crucial to the outcome, reasons why the judge should give the decision to a team
Weighing Mechanism – the standards by which a judge evaluates the success of the Government’s and Opposition’s cases, standards by which a decision is made (criteria)
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